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Should & Must (-Malı/Meli): Expressing Obligation in Turkish

Learn how to express obligation in Turkish with the suffixes -malı/-meli, translating to "must" or "should" in English.

Nicolas Le Roux
Updated January 2025 · 3 min read

Among all the grammar you must learn in Turkish, expressing obligation is a useful one! The suffixes -malı and -meli allow you to say “should” or “must” in a variety of contexts. This article will provide a clear breakdown of their usage, including positive and negative forms, followed by practical examples. Hadi öğrenelim!

How to Use -Malı/Meli in Turkish (Should/Must)

Positive Usage

(Verb stem) + malı/meli + (y) + (personal ending)

The suffixes -malı and -meli are added to the verb root to express necessity or obligation. You pick -malı or -meli based on vowel harmony. Here is how they are formed:

Verb Root+ -malı/meli+ Personal EndingTranslation
git (to go)gitmeligitmeliyimI should/must go
yap (to do)yapmalıyapmalısınızYou should/must do
oku (to read)okumalıokumalıyızWe should/must read

Examples:

  • Her sabah erken kalkmalıyım. (I should wake up early every morning.)
  • Daha fazla su içmelisin. (You should drink more water.)
  • Toplantıya zamanında gitmeliyiz. (We must go to the meeting on time.)

Negative Usage

(Verb stem) + ma/me + malı/meli + (personal ending)

To express that something should not be done, the negative form is added with the suffix -ma/-me before the must/should suffix (-malı/meli):

Verb Root+ -ma/me + -malı/meli+ Personal EndingTranslation
git (to go)gitmemeligitmemeliyimI should not go
yap (to do)yapmamalıyapmamalısınızYou should not do
oku (to read)okumamalıokumamalıyızWe should not read

Examples:

  • Bu kadar fazla tatlı yememeliyim. (I should not eat this much dessert.)
  • Sınava hazırlanmayı ihmal etmemelisin. (You should not neglect preparing for the exam.)
  • Çocuklar bu konuda yalancı olmamalı. (Children should not be dishonest about this matter.)

Questions with -Malı/Meli

Unlike standard yes-no questions in Turkish, questions with -malı or -meli do not require the particle mi. Instead, they are formed directly by attaching the suffix to the verb root and phrasing it as a question.

Examples:

  • Acaba ne yapmalıyım? (What do I need to do?)
  • Nasıl daha az atık çıkarmalısınız? (How should you produce less waste?)
  • Hangi yolu izlemeliyiz? (Which path should we follow?)

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Daily-Life Examples Using -Malı/Meli (Must/Should)

Here are 10 example sentences showing how to use -malı and -meli in real-life sitatutions:

  1. Çok çalışmalısın. (You must study a lot.)
  2. Bu kitabı okumalıyım. (I should read this book.)
  3. Doktora gitmeliyiz. (We must go to the doctor.)
  4. Geç saatlere kadar oturmamalısın. (You should not stay up late.)
  5. Bu yemeği yememeliyim. (I should not eat this meal.)
  6. Daha dikkatli çalışmalıyız. (We should work more carefully.)
  7. Çevreyi korumak için daha az plastik kullanmalısın. (You must use less plastic to protect the environment.)
  8. Bu konuyu unutmamalıyız. (We should not forget this issue.)
  9. Spor yapmak için haftada üç gün ayırmalısın. (You should dedicate three days a week to exercising.)
  10. Her zaman başkalarını eleştirmemelisin. (You should not always criticize others.)

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Nicolas Le Roux

Nicolas Le Roux is the creator of TurkishFluent. He is French and has been living in Türkiye for 5 years.

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