{"id":1204,"date":"2026-09-28T09:12:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-28T09:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/turkishfluent.com\/blog\/?p=1204"},"modified":"2026-09-27T20:04:18","modified_gmt":"2026-09-27T20:04:18","slug":"common-turkish-mistakes-english-speakers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/turkishfluent.com\/blog\/common-turkish-mistakes-english-speakers\/","title":{"rendered":"12 Common Turkish Mistakes English Speakers Make (and How to Fix Each One)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this article, you will find the twelve mistakes English speakers repeat most. Each one comes with the correct form and the reason English pushes you toward the wrong one. Eleven of the twelve are beginner material, so most of what goes wrong in your Turkish sits at A1 and can be repaired this week. <em>Hadi ba\u015flayal\u0131m!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/turkishfluent.com\/blog\/common-turkish-mistakes-english-speakers\/#The_12_Mistakes_at_a_Glance\" >The 12 Mistakes at a Glance<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/turkishfluent.com\/blog\/common-turkish-mistakes-english-speakers\/#1_Treating_i_and_i_as_the_Same_Letter\" >1. Treating i and \u0131 as the Same Letter<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/turkishfluent.com\/blog\/common-turkish-mistakes-english-speakers\/#2_Looking_for_%E2%80%9Cthe%E2%80%9D_and_%E2%80%9Ca%E2%80%9D\" >2. Looking for &#8220;the&#8221; and &#8220;a&#8221;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/turkishfluent.com\/blog\/common-turkish-mistakes-english-speakers\/#3_Keeping_English_Word_Order_and_Adding_Pronouns_You_Do_Not_Need\" >3. Keeping English Word Order and Adding Pronouns You Do Not Need<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/turkishfluent.com\/blog\/common-turkish-mistakes-english-speakers\/#4_Using_yok_Where_Turkish_Needs_degil\" >4. Using yok Where Turkish Needs de\u011fil<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/turkishfluent.com\/blog\/common-turkish-mistakes-english-speakers\/#5_Vowel_Harmony_Slips\" >5. Vowel Harmony Slips<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/turkishfluent.com\/blog\/common-turkish-mistakes-english-speakers\/#6_Ignoring_the_Consonant_Changes_at_the_Suffix_Seam\" >6. Ignoring the Consonant Changes at the Suffix Seam<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/turkishfluent.com\/blog\/common-turkish-mistakes-english-speakers\/#7_Reaching_for_a_Separate_Word_to_Mean_%E2%80%9Cat%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%9Cto%E2%80%9D_or_%E2%80%9Cfrom%E2%80%9D\" >7. Reaching for a Separate Word to Mean &#8220;at&#8221;, &#8220;to&#8221; or &#8220;from&#8221;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/turkishfluent.com\/blog\/common-turkish-mistakes-english-speakers\/#8_Leaving_the_Accusative_Off_a_Definite_Object\" >8. Leaving the Accusative Off a Definite Object<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/turkishfluent.com\/blog\/common-turkish-mistakes-english-speakers\/#9_Dropping_the_Buffer_Letters\" >9. Dropping the Buffer Letters<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/turkishfluent.com\/blog\/common-turkish-mistakes-english-speakers\/#10_Forgetting_the_Apostrophe_on_a_Proper_Noun\" >10. Forgetting the Apostrophe on a Proper Noun<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/turkishfluent.com\/blog\/common-turkish-mistakes-english-speakers\/#11_Attaching_deda_and_mi_to_the_Word_in_Front\" >11. Attaching de\/da and mi to the Word in Front<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/turkishfluent.com\/blog\/common-turkish-mistakes-english-speakers\/#12_Using_the_Plain_Past_for_Something_You_Did_Not_Witness\" >12. Using the Plain Past for Something You Did Not Witness<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/turkishfluent.com\/blog\/common-turkish-mistakes-english-speakers\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_12_Mistakes_at_a_Glance\"><\/span>The 12 Mistakes at a Glance<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Struck-through Turkish below is incorrect. It appears only to show the error, so never copy it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Treating_i_and_i_as_the_Same_Letter\"><\/span>1. Treating i and \u0131 as the Same Letter<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Turkish has two separate i letters, and they are different letters, not variants. The dotted pair is <strong>i<\/strong> and <strong>\u0130<\/strong>; the dotless pair is <strong>\u0131<\/strong> and <strong>I<\/strong>. The capital of <em>i<\/em> is <em>\u0130<\/em>, and the capital of <em>\u0131<\/em> is <em>I<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This matters because the two sounds distinguish words. <em>Il\u0131k<\/em> means lukewarm; <em>ilik<\/em> means marrow. Writing the city as <em>Istanbul<\/em> is not a typo in Turkish, it spells a different first sound.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><s><em>Bu su ilik.<\/em><\/s> (wrong: <em>ilik<\/em> means marrow, and lukewarm needs the dotless \u0131)<\/li><li><em>Bu su <strong>\u0131l\u0131k<\/strong>.<\/em> (This water is lukewarm.)<\/li><li><strong><em>\u0130zmir<\/strong>&#8216;e gidiyorum.<\/em> (I am going to \u0130zmir.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The fix is mechanical. Install a Turkish keyboard layout so both letters are one keystroke away, following the guide to the <a href=\"https:\/\/turkishfluent.com\/blog\/turkish-keyboard\/\">Turkish keyboard<\/a>. Then read the <a href=\"https:\/\/turkishfluent.com\/blog\/turkish-alphabet\/\">Turkish alphabet<\/a> once with the two pairs side by side.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Looking_for_%E2%80%9Cthe%E2%80%9D_and_%E2%80%9Ca%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>2. Looking for &#8220;the&#8221; and &#8220;a&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Turkish has no definite article and no word that works like English &#8220;a&#8221; in every position. Definiteness is carried by the accusative suffix on the object. The choice you make in English by picking an article, you make in Turkish by adding that suffix or leaving it off.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><s><em>Bir kitab\u0131 okuyorum.<\/em><\/s> (wrong: <em>bir<\/em> says &#8220;a&#8221; while the accusative <em>-\u0131<\/em> says &#8220;the&#8221;)<\/li><li><em>Kitap okuyorum.<\/em> (I am reading a book.)<\/li><li><strong><em>Kitab\u0131<\/strong> okuyorum.<\/em> (I am reading the book.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The word <strong>bir<\/strong> exists and means one, and it does some of the work of &#8220;a&#8221; when you want to stress singleness. It is not required in front of every indefinite noun, and sprinkling it everywhere is the tell of a translated sentence.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Keeping_English_Word_Order_and_Adding_Pronouns_You_Do_Not_Need\"><\/span>3. Keeping English Word Order and Adding Pronouns You Do Not Need<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Turkish puts the verb last. Everything else arranges itself in front of it, with the most important element sitting closest to the verb. A sentence that ends in anything other than the verb will read as foreign even when every word is correct.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The second half of this mistake is the subject pronoun. Turkish verbs carry person in their ending, so <strong>ben<\/strong> is already inside <em>gidiyorum<\/em>. Stating it adds emphasis, which is why using it in every sentence sounds insistent rather than neutral.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><s><em>Ben her sabah i\u00e7iyorum kahve.<\/em><\/s> (wrong: the verb belongs at the end, and <em>ben<\/em> already sits inside <em>i\u00e7iyorum<\/em>)<\/li><li><em>Her sabah kahve <strong>i\u00e7iyorum<\/strong>.<\/em> (I drink coffee every morning.)<\/li><li><em>Okula <strong>gidiyorum<\/strong>.<\/em> (I am going to school.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use <em>ben<\/em> when you are contrasting yourself with someone else, and leave it out otherwise. The full picture is in the guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/turkishfluent.com\/blog\/turkish-sentence-structure-word-order\/\">Turkish sentence structure and word order<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Using_yok_Where_Turkish_Needs_degil\"><\/span>4. Using <em>yok<\/em> Where Turkish Needs <em>de\u011fil<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">English negates with one word, &#8220;not&#8221;, whatever follows. Turkish splits the job. <strong>Yok<\/strong> states that something is absent or does not exist. <strong>De\u011fil<\/strong> negates a noun or an adjective attached to a subject.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So &#8220;there is no bread&#8221; and &#8220;I am not hungry&#8221; take different words, and swapping them produces a sentence Turkish speakers will understand but never say.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><s><em>A\u00e7 yokum.<\/em><\/s> (wrong: <em>yok<\/em> states absence, so it cannot negate an adjective)<\/li><li><em>Ekmek <strong>yok<\/strong>.<\/em> (There is no bread.)<\/li><li><em>A\u00e7 <strong>de\u011filim<\/strong>.<\/em> (I am not hungry.)<\/li><li><em>Bu kitap benim <strong>de\u011fil<\/strong>.<\/em> (This book is not mine.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Beginners usually meet these two within days of each other, which is exactly why they blur. One test keeps them apart. Where English says &#8220;there is no&#8221;, Turkish wants <em>yok<\/em>. Where English says &#8220;is not&#8221;, it wants <em>de\u011fil<\/em>. The article on <a href=\"https:\/\/turkishfluent.com\/blog\/var-and-yok-there-is-there-is-not\/\"><em>var<\/em> and <em>yok<\/em><\/a> covers the existence half in full.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Vowel_Harmony_Slips\"><\/span>5. Vowel Harmony Slips<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Every suffix in Turkish adapts its vowel to the word it attaches to. Two-way suffixes choose between e and a; four-way suffixes choose between i, \u0131, \u00fc and u. The choice follows the last vowel of the stem, not the first, and not the vowel you happen to remember from another example.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong><em>Evler<\/strong> \u00e7ok eski.<\/em> (The houses are very old.)<\/li><li><s><em>Kitapler masada.<\/em><\/s> (wrong: <em>kitap<\/em> ends in a back vowel, so the plural is <em>-lar<\/em>)<\/li><li><strong><em>Kitaplar<\/strong> masada.<\/em> (The books are on the table.)<\/li><li><em>Karde\u015fim <strong>evde<\/strong>, ben <strong>okulda<\/strong>y\u0131m.<\/em> (My sibling is at home, I am at school.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Writing <em>evlar<\/em> or <em>kitapler<\/em> means the suffix was learned in one shape and then frozen. That is where the error comes from, not from ignorance of the rule. Check the last vowel of the word in front of you every time, until it stops being a decision. The <a href=\"https:\/\/turkishfluent.com\/blog\/vowel-harmony-in-turkish\/\">vowel harmony guide<\/a> sets out both patterns.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Ignoring_the_Consonant_Changes_at_the_Suffix_Seam\"><\/span>6. Ignoring the Consonant Changes at the Suffix Seam<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two things happen where a suffix meets a stem, and both are spelling rules with an authority behind them.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The first is hardening. A word ending in a voiceless consonant takes a suffix that begins with a voiceless consonant. The Turkish Language Association gives <em>\u00e7i\u00e7ek-ten<\/em>, <em>bak-t\u0131m<\/em> and <em>s\u00fct-\u00e7\u00fc<\/em> as the pattern. So after a voiceless consonant the locative is <em>-ta<\/em> or <em>-te<\/em>, never <em>-da<\/em> or <em>-de<\/em>, and the ablative is <em>-tan<\/em> or <em>-ten<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Bu hediye <strong>\u00e7i\u00e7ekten<\/strong> daha g\u00fczel.<\/em> (This gift is nicer than a flower.)<\/li><li><s><em>D\u00fcn seni parkda g\u00f6rd\u00fcm.<\/em><\/s> (wrong: <em>park<\/em> ends in a voiceless k, so the suffix hardens to <em>-ta<\/em>)<\/li><li><em>D\u00fcn seni <strong>parkta<\/strong> g\u00f6rd\u00fcm.<\/em> (I saw you in the park yesterday.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The second is softening, and here most articles about Turkish mistakes will lead you into the error they are warning you about. They state the rule flatly: final p, \u00e7, t and k become b, c, d and \u011f before a vowel. That is only the first half of what the rule says.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Turkish Language Association is precise about it, and the rule has four cases rather than one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The line to remember is the third one. A monosyllable normally keeps its voiceless consonant, which is the opposite of what the flat rule predicts.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Applying the flat rule to a monosyllable does not produce an awkward form, it produces a different word:<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><s><em>Ad\u0131 beyaz.<\/em><\/s> (wrong for &#8220;his horse&#8221;: softening <em>at<\/em> produces <em>ad<\/em>, which means name)<\/li><li><em>Ad\u0131 Ay\u015fe.<\/em> (Her name is Ay\u015fe.)<\/li><li><em>At\u0131 beyaz.<\/em> (His horse is white.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you soften <em>at<\/em>, you have written about a name. Treat softening as a rule with a short exception list worth memorising rather than a reflex, and see the guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/turkishfluent.com\/blog\/the-consonant-harmony-in-turkish\/\">consonant harmony in Turkish<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Reaching_for_a_Separate_Word_to_Mean_%E2%80%9Cat%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%9Cto%E2%80%9D_or_%E2%80%9Cfrom%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>7. Reaching for a Separate Word to Mean &#8220;at&#8221;, &#8220;to&#8221; or &#8220;from&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">English marks the relationship between a noun and the rest of the sentence with a word placed in front of it. Turkish marks it with a suffix on the end of the noun. There is no Turkish word waiting to translate &#8220;at&#8221;, and looking for one stalls the sentence.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>\u015eu anda <strong>okulday\u0131m<\/strong>.<\/em> (I am at school right now.)<\/li><li><s><em>Ankara geliyorum.<\/em><\/s> (wrong: &#8220;from&#8221; lives in the suffix <em>-dan<\/em>, not in a separate word)<\/li><li><em>Ankara&#8217;<strong>dan<\/strong> geliyorum.<\/em> (I am coming from Ankara.)<\/li><li><em>Eve <strong>gidiyorum<\/strong>.<\/em> (I am going home.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Six suffixes do the work of most English prepositions, and learning them as a set rather than one at a time is what makes the pattern click. They are laid out together in the <a href=\"https:\/\/turkishfluent.com\/blog\/turkish-case-suffixes\/\">overview of Turkish case suffixes<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Leaving_the_Accusative_Off_a_Definite_Object\"><\/span>8. Leaving the Accusative Off a Definite Object<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the object of your sentence is a specific thing, it takes the accusative suffix. Leave the suffix off and the object becomes generic, which changes the meaning rather than merely sounding odd.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Film izledim.<\/em> (I watched a film, or I did some film-watching.)<\/li><li><strong><em>Filmi<\/strong> izledim.<\/em> (I watched the film.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Names and pronouns are always definite, so they always take it. This is the version of the mistake that native speakers notice immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><s><em>Ay\u015fe g\u00f6rd\u00fcm.<\/em><\/s> (wrong: a name is always definite, so it takes the accusative)<\/li><li><em>Ay\u015fe&#8217;<strong>yi<\/strong> g\u00f6rd\u00fcm.<\/em> (I saw Ay\u015fe.)<\/li><li><em>Sen<strong>i<\/strong> arad\u0131m.<\/em> (I called you.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/turkishfluent.com\/blog\/the-accusative-case-in-turkish\/\">accusative case in Turkish<\/a> covers which objects count as definite.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_Dropping_the_Buffer_Letters\"><\/span>9. Dropping the Buffer Letters<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Turkish avoids two vowels colliding. When a suffix beginning with a vowel meets a stem ending in a vowel, a buffer consonant appears between them. The buffer is y in most case suffixes, s in the third person possessive, and n before a suffix that follows a possessive.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><s><em>Araba\u0131 y\u0131kad\u0131m.<\/em><\/s> (wrong: two vowels cannot meet, so the buffer <em>y<\/em> is required)<\/li><li><em>Araba<strong>y\u0131<\/strong> y\u0131kad\u0131m.<\/em> (I washed the car.)<\/li><li><em>Araba<strong>s\u0131<\/strong> yeni.<\/em> (His car is new.)<\/li><li><em>Ev<strong>in<\/strong>de bulu\u015fal\u0131m.<\/em> (Let us meet at his house.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The buffers are not optional flourishes and not regional. Writing <em>araba\u0131<\/em> is the same order of error as writing &#8220;the childs&#8221; in English. Possessive forms, where two of the three buffers live, are covered in <a href=\"https:\/\/turkishfluent.com\/blog\/how-to-express-possession-in-turkish\/\">how to express possession in Turkish<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10_Forgetting_the_Apostrophe_on_a_Proper_Noun\"><\/span>10. Forgetting the Apostrophe on a Proper Noun<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Suffixes attach directly to common nouns with nothing between them. On proper nouns, an apostrophe separates the suffix from the name. The Turkish Language Association applies this to possessive, case and copular suffixes, and its own examples include <em>Samanyolu&#8217;nda<\/em>, <em>Yunus Emre&#8217;yi<\/em> and <em>Resm\u00ee Gazete&#8217;de<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><s><em>\u0130stanbulda oturuyorum.<\/em><\/s> (wrong: a suffix on a proper noun is separated by an apostrophe)<\/li><li><strong><em>\u0130stanbul&#8217;da<\/strong> oturuyorum.<\/em> (I live in Istanbul.)<\/li><li><strong><em>Ay\u015fe&#8217;nin<\/strong> kitab\u0131 masada.<\/em> (Ay\u015fe&#8217;s book is on the table.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The rule runs one way only. Common nouns take no apostrophe, so <em>evde<\/em> is correct and <em>ev&#8217;de<\/em> is not. Place names are where this shows up first, which is why it belongs with the <a href=\"https:\/\/turkishfluent.com\/blog\/locative-case-in-turkish\/\">locative case<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_Attaching_deda_and_mi_to_the_Word_in_Front\"><\/span>11. Attaching <em>de\/da<\/em> and <em>mi<\/em> to the Word in Front<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Turkish has two particles that are written as separate words, and both of them harmonise with the word before them. Joining them to that word is the most visible written error an English speaker makes, because in one case it produces a real but different sentence.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The conjunction <strong>de<\/strong> or <strong>da<\/strong> means &#8220;too&#8221; or &#8220;also&#8221;. The Turkish Language Association is explicit that it is written separately, that it never appears as <em>ta<\/em> or <em>te<\/em>, and that it never takes an apostrophe. The locative suffix <em>-de<\/em>, by contrast, is joined. So the same three letters are separate when they mean &#8220;too&#8221; and attached when they mean &#8220;in&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><s><em>Bende geliyorum.<\/em><\/s> (wrong for &#8220;I am coming too&#8221;: attached, <em>-de<\/em> is the locative and the sentence says &#8220;on me&#8221;)<\/li><li><em>Ben <strong>de<\/strong> geliyorum.<\/em> (I am coming too.)<\/li><li><em>Ben<strong>de<\/strong> para var.<\/em> (I have money on me.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The question particle <strong>mi<\/strong> follows the same separate-word rule, with its vowel harmonising to the word it questions.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><s><em>Geliyormusun?<\/em><\/s> (wrong: the question particle stands as its own word)<\/li><li><em>Geliyor <strong>musun<\/strong>?<\/em> (Are you coming?)<\/li><li><em>A\u00e7 <strong>m\u0131s\u0131n<\/strong>?<\/em> (Are you hungry?)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The rule is easier to hold onto as a pair: a particle that adds meaning to the whole clause stands alone, and a suffix that changes one noun attaches. For the question particle, see <a href=\"https:\/\/turkishfluent.com\/blog\/how-to-ask-questions-in-turkish\/\">how to ask questions in Turkish<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"12_Using_the_Plain_Past_for_Something_You_Did_Not_Witness\"><\/span>12. Using the Plain Past for Something You Did Not Witness<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Turkish makes a distinction English handles with extra words. The definite past in <em>-d\u0131<\/em> reports what you saw or know first-hand. The reported past in <em>-m\u0131\u015f<\/em> reports what you heard, inferred or discovered afterwards.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">English speakers default to the plain past for everything, which quietly claims you witnessed events you did not.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Ali <strong>geldi<\/strong>.<\/em> (Ali came, and I was there.)<\/li><li><em>Ali <strong>gelmi\u015f<\/strong>.<\/em> (Ali came, I gather.)<\/li><li><s><em>D\u00fcn \u00e7ok kar ya\u011fd\u0131.<\/em><\/s> (wrong when you only saw the snow this morning: the plain past claims you witnessed it)<\/li><li><em>D\u00fcn \u00e7ok kar <strong>ya\u011fm\u0131\u015f<\/strong>.<\/em> (It snowed a lot yesterday, judging by the snow outside.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is the one mistake on the list that sits at A2 rather than A1, and the only one you can reasonably postpone. The <a href=\"https:\/\/turkishfluent.com\/blog\/reported-past-tense-turkish-duyulan-gecmis-zaman\/\">reported past tense<\/a> sets out both forms against each other.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All twelve errors come from the same habit: English use separate words when Turkish adds suffixes to the word. Once you expect the work to happen at the end of the noun or the verb, most of them stop happening.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Suffix habits stop being decisions only through repetition. If you are an English speaker learning Turkish, <a href=\"https:\/\/turkishfluent.com\/\">try the TurkishFluent app<\/a> and drill these forms until the endings come out right without thinking.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<a href=\"https:\/\/turkishfluent.com\/blog\/common-turkish-mistakes-english-speakers\/\" rel=\"bookmark\" title=\"Permalink to 12 Common Turkish Mistakes English Speakers Make (and How to Fix Each One)\"><p>The twelve errors English speakers repeat in Turkish, the correct form for each, and why English causes them. Eleven of the twelve are A1 material.<\/p>\n<\/a>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1208,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1204","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-common-mistakes","h-entry","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>12 Common Turkish Mistakes English Speakers Make<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Articles, accusatives, vowel harmony, buffer letters: the 12 errors English speakers make in Turkish, each with its correction and its CEFR level.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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