A complete overview of the six Turkish cases (hâller). Learn every case suffix, the questions each one answers, and how they combine with plurals and possession.

Learn the Turkish nominative case (yalın hâl), the bare dictionary form with no case suffix. Master subjects, predicates, indefinite objects, and the crucial contrast with the accusative.

Learn how Turkish adjectives (sıfatlar) work: word order, attributive and predicative use, the bir rule, derivation with -lı and -sız, degrees, and emphatic forms.

Learn the standard Turkish word order (SOV), the full sentence element order, five key rules for building sentences, and how native speakers shift word order for emphasis.